Colposcopy: A guide to what you need to know
A colposcopy is a medical procedure that allows your doctor/nurse to closely examine your cervix using a special magnifying instrument called a colposcope.
This instrument resembles a pair of binoculars mounted on a stand and is equipped with a bright light to illuminate the area being examined.
A colposcopy is a diagnostic tool that provides a detailed view of the cervix and helps in early detection and treatment of potential issues.
Why do I need a colposcopy?
If your cervical screening test showed something unusual, like human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and/or 18, or any other type of HPV for two years in a row, or symptoms like unexplained bleeding after sex, your doctor or nurse may suggest a colposcopy.
Most abnormal CST results are not cancerous. The colposcopy helps determine if further treatment is needed or if regular monitoring is sufficient.
How should I prepare for my colposcopy?
The procedure doesn’t require a hospital stay or sedation. If your period is due on the day of your appointment, please call the clinic to discuss. You may like to take a support person with you to your appointment. It might also be helpful to take a panty liner or pad. Bring a list of questions to help you remember everything you want to ask.
What is the cost of a colposcopy?
Public hospital colposcopy clinics are bulk billed. The private clinic will charge you for consultation and the colposcopy procedure. Find out which clinic your referral is for and contact the clinic to find our more.
What should I expect during a colposcopy?
The procedure typically takes about 5 to 15 minutes, though it can extend up to 20 minutes to allow for discussion. While the examination can be uncomfortable, it should not be painful.
You will be asked to undress from the waist down and wear a gown. Your legs will be placed in leg support. A speculum, like the one used during a CST, is inserted into the vagina to allow a clear view of the cervix.
The colposcope is positioned outside the vagina to magnify the cervical area. The doctor or nurse may apply a dilute acetic acid (vinegar) solution to highlight abnormal cells, which might cause a mild stinging sensation.
If abnormal areas are identified, the doctor or nurse may take one or two small biopsies. This can cause mild discomfort.
Most women do not experience pain, but there may be some discomfort from the speculum. You might feel a slight burning sensation from the solutions applied. If a biopsy is taken, you may feel a quick, sharp pinch or mild cramping.
You can ask the doctor or the nurse:
- to be gentle,
- explain what they are doing, and
- to stop at any time if you feel uncomfortable.
A nurse will be present to assist and answer any questions you may have.
What should I expect after a colposcopy?
Your experience will vary depending on whether a biopsy was performed. For a colposcopy without biopsy, you can resume your normal activities right away. It’s normal to have a little spotting for a couple of days.
For a colposcopy with biopsy, you might experience cramps or discomfort for 1 to 2 days. Over-the-counter pain medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen can help. You may have some vaginal bleeding or dark discharge for a few days. This discharge may be due to medication used to stop bleeding at the biopsy site.
After a colposcopy, it’s important to monitor your recovery and know when to seek medical advice.
If your colposcopy included a biopsy, you should call your doctor or nurse if
- you experience heavy bleeding (more than a period) or if bleeding continues for more than a week,
- symptoms like heavy or foul-smelling vaginal discharge,
- severe pain, or
- fever.
Avoid sexual intercourse, heavy physical exercise, and using tampons or menstrual cups for 1 to 2 days, you can use sanitary pads instead.
Avoid swimming, baths, and spas for one week to reduce the risk of infection. Showers are fine.
When will I get my results and follow-up plan?
Colposcopy results are typically available within 2-4 weeks. Your doctor or nurse will review the results with you and discuss any necessary next steps. If you do not hear from your doctor or nurse after four weeks, be sure to call them. Depending on the biopsy results, you might need further treatment to remove abnormal cells. If results are unclear, additional tests may be required.
It’s crucial to attend your follow-up appointment to ensure proper care and management based on your colposcopy results. If you have any concerns or unusual symptoms, don’t hesitate to contact your doctor or nurse.
Can I have a colposcopy if I am pregnant?
Colposcopy can be safely performed during pregnancy if needed. It is important to attend your colposcopy appointment even if you are pregnant. Due to the complexities pregnancy can add to the procedure, it should be performed by a specialist with significant experience. Your referring doctor or nurse can help you find the right person. In some cases, the colposcopy can be postponed until after the baby is born.
Cervical biopsy is generally avoided due to potential risks. However, if there is an urgent need to rule out serious conditions like cervical cancer, cervical biopsy may be done during pregnancy.
It’s important to follow your doctor or midwife’s advice and attend all recommended appointments to ensure both your health and the health of your baby.
Useful resources
- Download Colposcopy Factsheet in plain English (PDF).
We thank Shannon Philp, Nurse Practitioner at Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, and Leonie Parker, Nurse Practitioner at Western NSW LHD, for their collaboration in developing this resource.
